| 98 |
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1" standalone="no"?>
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" /><title>5.23. Example - Complete Web Form with Plot</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="phplotdoc.css" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.78.1" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="PHPlot Reference Manual" /><link rel="up" href="examples.html" title="Chapter 5. PHPlot Examples" /><link rel="prev" href="ex-annotate.html" title="5.22. Example - Annotating a Plot Using a Callback" /><link rel="next" href="ex-truecolor-histogram.html" title="5.24. Example - Using Truecolor To Make a Histogram" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">5.23. Example - Complete Web Form with Plot</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ex-annotate.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 5. PHPlot Examples</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ex-truecolor-histogram.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="sect1"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="ex-webform"></a>5.23. Example - Complete Web Form with Plot</h2></div></div></div><p>
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This section shows a complete mini-application which uses PHPlot to display
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a graph based on user input through a web form. The purpose of this example
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is to illustrate form handling and parameter passing from a form-handling
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script to an image-generating script.
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</p><p>
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Here a screen-shot of the application, as seen from a web browser.
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(The bottom section with the graph will only be shown after the form is
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submitted.)
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</p><div class="example"><a id="example-webform"></a><p class="title"><strong>Example 5.23. Screen Shot of Web Form with Plot</strong></p><div class="example-contents"><div class="informalfigure"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="images/webform.png" alt="Screen Shot of Web Form with Plot" /></div></div></div></div><br class="example-break" /><div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"><h3 class="title">Note</h3><p>
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Unlike the other examples in this chapter, the web form example consists of
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two scripts, and only works with a web server. The two scripts are
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shown in their entirety, but are broken up into blocks, with comments
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preceding each block, for presentation purposes.
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</p></div><div class="sect2"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="ex-webform-mainpage"></a>5.23.1. Web Form Main Script</h3></div></div></div><p>
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This section presents the main script <code class="filename">webform.php</code>
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which displays the web form and handles form submission.
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This script does not use PHPlot. When first accessed from a browser (with
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no parameters), it displays only the form and descriptive text. When the
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form is submitted, the same script runs again. This time, the script receives
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form parameters, and displays the graph in addition to the form. To display
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the graph, the script generates an image (img) tag which references the
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second script (which is described in the next section).
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That second script actually generates the plot image.
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</p><p>
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The script begins with a descriptive comment, and then defines constants
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for the name of the other script, the image size, and the parameter defaults.
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</p><pre class="programlisting"><?php
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/* PHPlot web form example
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Parameter names and parameter array keys:
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'deposit' = Amount deposited per month.
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'intrate' = Interest rate as a percentage (e.g. 4 means 4% or 0.04)
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*/
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# Name of script which generates the actual plot:
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define('GRAPH_SCRIPT', 'webform_img.php');
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# Image size. It isn't really necessary that this script know this image
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# size, but it improves page rendering.
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define('GRAPH_WIDTH', 600);
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define('GRAPH_HEIGHT', 400);
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# Default values for the form parameters:
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$param = array('deposit' => 100.00, 'intrate' => 4.0);
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</pre><p>
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</p><p>
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|
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Function <code class="function">build_url()</code>
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is a general-purpose function used to generate a URL to a script with
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parameters. The parameters are in a PHP associative array. The return value
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is a relative or complete URL which might look like this:
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<code class="literal">webform_img.php?deposit=100&intrate=4.0&h=400&w=600</code>.
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</p><pre class="programlisting"># Build a URL with escaped parameters:
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# $url - The part of the URL up through the script name
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# $param - Associative array of parameter names and values
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# Returns a URL with parameters. Note this must be HTML-escaped if it is
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# used e.g. as an href value. (The & between parameters is not pre-escaped.)
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function build_url($url, $param)
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{
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$sep = '?'; // Separator between URL script name and first parameter
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foreach ($param as $name => $value) {
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$url .= $sep . urlencode($name) . '=' . urlencode($value);
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$sep = '&'; // Separator between subsequent parameters
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}
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return $url;
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}
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</pre><p>
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</p><p>
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|
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The function <code class="function">begin_page()</code>
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creates the HTML at the top of the page.
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In a real application, this might include a page header.
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</p><pre class="programlisting"># Output the start of the HTML page:
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function begin_page($title)
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{
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|
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echo <<<END
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|
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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
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"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
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<html>
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<head>
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<title>$title</title>
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</head>
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<body>
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<h1>$title</h1>
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END;
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|
87 |
}
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|
88 |
</pre><p>
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|
89 |
</p><p>
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|
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The function <code class="function">end_page()</code>
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|
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creates the HTML at the end of the page.
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|
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In a real application, this might include a page footer.
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|
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</p><pre class="programlisting"># Output the bottom of the HTML page:
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function end_page()
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|
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{
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|
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echo <<<END
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</body>
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</html>
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|
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END;
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}
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|
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</pre><p>
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|
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</p><p>
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|
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The function <code class="function">show_descriptive_text()</code>
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|
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produces HTML text which describes the form.
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|
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This will go above the form on the web page.
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|
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</p><pre class="programlisting"># Output text which describes the form.
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|
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function show_descriptive_text()
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{
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echo <<<END
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|
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<p>
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This page calculates the balance over time in an interest-earning savings
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account when fixed monthly deposits are made and there are no withdrawals.
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</p>
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<p>
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Fill in the values below and click on the button to display a
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graph of the account balance over time.
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</p>
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END;
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}
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|
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</pre><p>
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|
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</p><p>
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|
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The function <code class="function">show_form()</code>
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outputs the HTML form. This includes entry boxes for the two
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parameters and a submit button. The form action URL is this script
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itself, so we use the SCRIPT_NAME value to self-reference the script.
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</p><pre class="programlisting"># Output the web form.
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# The form resubmits to this same script for processing.
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# The $param array contains default values for the form.
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# The values have already been validated as containing numbers and
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# do not need escaping for HTML.
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|
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function show_form($param)
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{
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|
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$action = htmlspecialchars($_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME']);
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136 |
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|
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echo <<<END
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|
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<form name="f1" id="f1" method="get" action="$action">
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|
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<table cellpadding="5" summary="Entry form for balance calculation">
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|
140 |
<tr>
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|
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<td align="right"><label for="deposit">Monthly Deposit Amount:</label></td>
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|
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<td><input type="text" size="10" name="deposit" id="deposit"
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|
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value="{$param['deposit']}">
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|
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</tr>
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|
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<tr>
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|
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<td align="right"><label for="intrate">Interest Rate:</label></td>
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|
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<td><input type="text" size="10" name="intrate" id="intrate"
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|
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value="{$param['intrate']}">%
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|
149 |
</tr>
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|
150 |
<tr>
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|
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<td colspan="2" align="center"><input type="submit" value="Display Graph"></td>
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|
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</tr>
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|
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</table>
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|
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</form>
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|
155 |
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END;
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|
157 |
}
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|
158 |
</pre><p>
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|
159 |
</p><p>
|
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|
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The function <code class="function">check_form_params()</code>
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|
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performs the important task of validating the parameters received from a
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|
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form submission. Each parameter is checked for presence and syntax, then
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converted to the appropriate PHP type. This function is also used to
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determine if a plot should be displayed. A plot is displayed only if valid
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form parameters were received.
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|
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</p><pre class="programlisting"># Check for parameters supplied to this web page.
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|
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# If there are valid parameters, store them in the array argument and
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|
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# return True.
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|
169 |
# If there are no parameters, or the parameters are not valid, return False.
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|
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function check_form_params(&$param)
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|
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{
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|
172 |
$valid = True;
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|
173 |
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|
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if (!isset($_GET['deposit']) || !is_numeric($_GET['deposit'])
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|
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|| ($deposit = floatval($_GET['deposit'])) < 0)
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|
176 |
$valid = False;
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|
177 |
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|
178 |
if (!isset($_GET['intrate']) || !is_numeric($_GET['intrate'])
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|
179 |
|| ($intrate = floatval($_GET['intrate'])) < 0 || $intrate > 100)
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|
180 |
$valid = False;
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|
181 |
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|
182 |
if ($valid) $param = compact('deposit', 'intrate');
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|
183 |
return $valid;
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|
184 |
}
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|
185 |
</pre><p>
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|
186 |
</p><p>
|
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|
187 |
The function <code class="function">show_graph()</code>
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|
188 |
produces the HTML which will will invoke the second script to produce the
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|
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graph. This is an image (img) tag which references the second script,
|
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|
190 |
including the parameters the script needs to generate the plot. This is one
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|
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of several ways to pass parameters from the form handling script and the
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|
192 |
image generating script. The other way is using session variables. Using
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|
193 |
URL parameters is simpler, especially when there are only a few parameters.
|
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|
194 |
Note the HTML also specifies the width and height of the plot image. This
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|
195 |
is not necessary, however it helps the browser lay out the page without
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|
196 |
waiting for the image script to complete.
|
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|
197 |
</p><pre class="programlisting"># Display a graph.
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|
198 |
# The param array contains the validated values: deposit and intrate.
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|
199 |
# This function creates the portion of the page that contains the
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|
200 |
# graph, but the actual graph is generated by the $GRAPH_SCRIPT script.
|
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|
201 |
function show_graph($param)
|
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|
202 |
{
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|
203 |
# Include the width and height as parameters:
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|
204 |
$param['w'] = GRAPH_WIDTH;
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|
205 |
$param['h'] = GRAPH_HEIGHT;
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|
206 |
# URL to the graphing script, with parameters, escaped for HTML:
|
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|
207 |
$img_url = htmlspecialchars(build_url(GRAPH_SCRIPT, $param));
|
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|
208 |
|
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|
209 |
echo <<<END
|
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|
210 |
<hr>
|
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|
211 |
<p>
|
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|
212 |
Graph showing the account balance over time, with monthly deposits of
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|
213 |
{$param['deposit']} and earning annual interest of {$param['intrate']}%:
|
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|
214 |
|
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|
215 |
<p><img src="$img_url" width="{$param['w']}" height="{$param['h']}"
|
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|
216 |
alt="Account balance graph.">
|
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|
217 |
|
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|
218 |
END;
|
|
|
219 |
}
|
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|
220 |
</pre><p>
|
|
|
221 |
</p><p>
|
|
|
222 |
Finally, with all the functions defined, the main code is just a few lines.
|
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|
223 |
</p><pre class="programlisting"># This is the main processing code.
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|
224 |
begin_page("PHPlot: Example of a Web Form and Plot");
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|
225 |
$params_supplied = check_form_params($param);
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|
226 |
show_descriptive_text();
|
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|
227 |
show_form($param);
|
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|
228 |
if ($params_supplied) show_graph($param);
|
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|
229 |
end_page();
|
|
|
230 |
</pre><p>
|
|
|
231 |
</p></div><div class="sect2"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="ex-webform-imgpage"></a>5.23.2. Web Form Image Script</h3></div></div></div><p>
|
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|
232 |
This section presents the second script <code class="filename">webform_img.php</code>,
|
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|
233 |
which generates the plot using PHPlot. The URL to this script, along with
|
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|
234 |
its parameters, is embedded in the web page produced by the main script in
|
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|
235 |
<a class="xref" href="ex-webform.html#ex-webform-mainpage" title="5.23.1. Web Form Main Script">Section 5.23.1, “Web Form Main Script”</a>.
|
|
|
236 |
When the user's browser asks the web server for the image,
|
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|
237 |
this second script runs and generates the plot.
|
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|
238 |
</p><p>
|
|
|
239 |
The script begins with a descriptive comment and then includes the PHPlot
|
|
|
240 |
source.
|
|
|
241 |
</p><pre class="programlisting"><?php
|
|
|
242 |
/* PHPlot web form example - image generation
|
|
|
243 |
|
|
|
244 |
This draws the plot image for webform.php
|
|
|
245 |
It expects the following parameters:
|
|
|
246 |
'deposit' = Amount deposited per month. Must be >= 0.
|
|
|
247 |
'intrate' = Interest rate as a percentage (e.g. 4 means 4% or 0.04)
|
|
|
248 |
'w', 'h' = image width and height. (Must be between 100 and 5000)
|
|
|
249 |
*/
|
|
|
250 |
require_once 'phplot.php';
|
|
|
251 |
</pre><p>
|
|
|
252 |
</p><p>
|
|
|
253 |
Function <code class="function">check_form_params()</code>
|
|
|
254 |
validates the parameters supplied to the script. Two parameters are
|
|
|
255 |
required (intrate and deposit), and two are optional (h and w).
|
|
|
256 |
Even though the main script validated the parameters it passes to this
|
|
|
257 |
script, it is still necessary for the script to do its own validation. That
|
|
|
258 |
is because any accessible script can be called from any other web page, or
|
|
|
259 |
directly from a browser, with arbitrary parameters. (Error handling details
|
|
|
260 |
can be found below.)
|
|
|
261 |
|
|
|
262 |
</p><pre class="programlisting"># Check for parameters supplied to this web page.
|
|
|
263 |
# Parameters must be checked here, even though the calling script checked them,
|
|
|
264 |
# because there is nothing stopping someone from calling this script
|
|
|
265 |
# directly with arbitrary parameters.
|
|
|
266 |
# Parameter values are stored in the param[] array (valid or not).
|
|
|
267 |
# If the parameters are valid, return True, else return False.
|
|
|
268 |
function check_form_params(&$param)
|
|
|
269 |
{
|
|
|
270 |
$valid = True;
|
|
|
271 |
$depost = 0;
|
|
|
272 |
$intrate = 0;
|
|
|
273 |
|
|
|
274 |
if (!isset($_GET['deposit']) || !is_numeric($_GET['deposit'])
|
|
|
275 |
|| ($deposit = floatval($_GET['deposit'])) < 0)
|
|
|
276 |
$valid = False;
|
|
|
277 |
|
|
|
278 |
if (!isset($_GET['intrate']) || !is_numeric($_GET['intrate'])
|
|
|
279 |
|| ($intrate = floatval($_GET['intrate'])) < 0 || $intrate > 100)
|
|
|
280 |
$valid = False;
|
|
|
281 |
|
|
|
282 |
# If width and height are missing or invalid, just use something reasonable.
|
|
|
283 |
if (empty($_GET['w']) || !is_numeric($_GET['w'])
|
|
|
284 |
|| ($w = intval($_GET['w'])) < 100 || $w > 5000)
|
|
|
285 |
$w = 1024;
|
|
|
286 |
if (empty($_GET['h']) || !is_numeric($_GET['h'])
|
|
|
287 |
|| ($h = intval($_GET['h'])) < 100 || $h > 5000)
|
|
|
288 |
$h = 768;
|
|
|
289 |
|
|
|
290 |
$param = compact('deposit', 'intrate', 'h', 'w');
|
|
|
291 |
return $valid;
|
|
|
292 |
}
|
|
|
293 |
</pre><p>
|
|
|
294 |
</p><p>
|
|
|
295 |
Function <code class="function">calculate_data()</code>
|
|
|
296 |
computes the data for the plot. This uses the parameters supplied to
|
|
|
297 |
the script, and populates a data array suitable for PHPlot. Because the
|
|
|
298 |
script uses the data-data format, each row in the array consists of a label
|
|
|
299 |
(unused), X value (this is the month number), and 2 Y values (account
|
|
|
300 |
balance without interest, and account balance with interest).
|
|
|
301 |
|
|
|
302 |
</p><pre class="programlisting"># Calculate the data for the plot:
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# This is only called if the parameters are valid.
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# The calculation is simple. Each month, two points are calculated: the
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# cumulative deposts (balance without interest), and balance with interest.
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# At time 0 the balance is 0. At the start of each month, 1/12th of
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# the annual interest rate is applied to the balance, and then the deposit
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# is added, and that is reported as the balance.
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# We calculate for a fixed amount of 120 months (10 years).
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function calculate_data($param, &$data)
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{
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$deposit = $param['deposit'];
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$monthly_intrate = 1.0 + $param['intrate'] / 100.0 / 12.0;
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$balance_without_interest = 0;
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$balance = 0;
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$data = array(array('', 0, 0, 0)); // Starting point
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for ($month = 1; $month <= 120; $month++) {
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$balance_without_interest += $deposit;
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$balance = $balance * $monthly_intrate + $deposit;
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$data[] = array('', $month, $balance_without_interest, $balance);
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}
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}
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</pre><p>
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</p><p>
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Function <code class="function">draw_graph()</code>
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uses PHPlot to actually produce the graph. This function is similar to the
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other code examples in this chapter. A PHPlot object is created, set up,
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and then told to draw the plot. If the script parameters are not valid,
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however, an attempt is made to draw the plot without a data array. This
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results in an error, which PHPlot handles by creating an image file with an
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error message. This method of error handling is used because the script
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cannot return a textual error message since it is referenced from a web
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page via an image (img) tag. An alternative to this error handling is to
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|
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have the script return an HTTP error code such as error 500 (server error).
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|
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|
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|
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</p><pre class="programlisting"># Draw the graph:
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function draw_graph($valid_params, $param, $data)
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|
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{
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extract($param);
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|
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$plot = new PHPlot($w, $h);
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|
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$plot->SetTitle('Savings with Interest');
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|
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$plot->SetDataType('data-data');
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|
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# Don't set data values if parameters were not valid. This will result
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|
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# in PHPlot making an image with an error message.
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|
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if ($valid_params) {
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|
347 |
$plot->SetDataValues($data);
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|
348 |
}
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|
349 |
$plot->SetLegend(array('Deposits only', 'Deposits with Interest'));
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|
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$plot->SetLegendPixels(100, 50); // Move legend to upper left
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|
351 |
$plot->SetXTitle('Month');
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|
352 |
$plot->SetXTickIncrement(12);
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|
353 |
$plot->SetYTitle('Balance');
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|
354 |
$plot->SetYLabelType('data', 2);
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|
355 |
$plot->SetDrawXGrid(True);
|
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|
356 |
$plot->SetPlotType('lines');
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|
357 |
$plot->DrawGraph();
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|
358 |
}
|
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|
359 |
</pre><p>
|
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|
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</p><p>
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|
361 |
Lastly, the main code for the image drawing script simply uses the above
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functions.
|
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|
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</p><pre class="programlisting"># This is our main processing code.
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|
364 |
$valid_params = check_form_params($param);
|
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|
365 |
if ($valid_params) calculate_data($param, $data);
|
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|
366 |
draw_graph($valid_params, $param, $data);
|
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|
367 |
</pre><p>
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|
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</p></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ex-annotate.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="examples.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ex-truecolor-histogram.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">5.22. Example - Annotating a Plot Using a Callback </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> 5.24. Example - Using Truecolor To Make a Histogram</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
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